White Privilege And Black Privilege - 2557 Words

White Privilege in America Privilege affects everyone, regardless of if they are affected positively or negatively. Being the majority of majorities in America, white males bear an automatic stamp of privilege on their foreheads, although they would care very strongly not to admit it. On the surface, privilege does not seem like such a bad thing, but when you pay attention to the differentiation of struggles between white men and everyone else in America, you can see it is a very large issue. Whether it is in the classroom, in the workforce, in real estate, or even in your own home, white privilege is affecting you. White male privilege in America is counterproductive to the growth of equality in society today because it affects the†¦show more content†¦If the color of your skin is any darker than a certain light shade, the answer is probably never. For centuries, the white man has ruled America, and chances are that it will not stop anytime soon. The beautiful 63 percent of ivory that resides in the United States of America seems to be growing larger and larger, if not in size, then in power. Although white privilege, even privilege in mass, affects everyone in this country, white people choose to leave the topic unacknowledged and rely on their white innocence, or ignorance rather, to exhaustively ignore that there is issue. Privilege is defined in the Advanced English Dictionary as a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all. Maleness by itself is an indicator of privilege and power. When you have both whiteness and maleness in your genes, you are set for life in here in the land of the free and the home of the brave. When you hear the name Christopher Columbus, what do you think? The world credits this man with discovering the new world, as if there weren’t already an indigenous people inhabiting the land he â€Å"discovered†. In fact, he never set foot in North America, but was believed to only have explored various Caribbean islands. Not only did he completely brutalize a group of Native people, he took credit for one of the biggest â€Å"discoveries† in history (Strauss). This is one of the earliest and most primary

My Views On Religion And Beliefs - 983 Words

How many people take time to go outside of their own religious community to talk about others’ point of view and beliefs? This can be an eye opener to why they do specific actions. The insight to the objects, beliefs and what they hold sacred can create a greater understanding and appreciation for the individuals. For this project, I choose to interview a coworker, one who I had not taken the time to ask about his religion/beliefs prior to this project. I am a non-practicing, non-religious person. I spent a morning talking to Stanley. He identifies as a non-denominational Christian. He not only has strong religious beliefs, he is a pastor in the community. He often spends his free time going to church, home calls and to the hospital to pray and help those in need with religious counseling. He is highly dedicated to his beliefs. As he responded to my questions to further understand the difference between his life and my own, it was apparent he is unwavering and set in his beliefs. In the process of relating the interview to what we have learned and discussed in this class, I decided to ask Stanley the basic questions to gain a greater perspective of his life. When asked â€Å"What impact does your religion have on your life?† to contrast my life to his, his answer is as follows: If by religion you mean truth, then it impacts every aspect of my life, both in public and in private. The term religious has different meanings to different people. I prefer to use the wordShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Religion On School Performance867 Words   |  4 Pagescareer. Religion is one area that is alleged to have a great effect on school performance. Therefore, students who are active in religion should be expected to perform better in school. Whether a child’s increased performance comes from the values which his or her religion pushes or from the environment they are immersed in, some aspect of religion is thought to affect school performance. Religion is an important factor in almost everyone’s life, even if they claim to be non-religious. Religion hasRead MoreThe Positive Influence Of Christianity883 Words   |  4 PagesWhat? The results of the Religion IAT Test indicated that I have the most positive association with Christianity, closely followed by Hinduism and Islam, and the most negative association with Judaism. Some of the results surprised me, but others I would have predicted because of my religious background. I was raised Catholic and although I have questioned certain beliefs of Catholicism, I have never had extreme negative feelings toward by religion. Therefore, I would assume that I would haveRead MorePascal Boyer s Article Of `` Why Religion Is Natural?1139 Words   |  5 PagesWhy religion is natural? is one that really gets the audience to think. It begins to raise questions like Where does religion come from? and Who sets the standards for religion?. More importantly, it causes us to wond er what religion really is. In this article Boyer perfectly defined and framed his view on religion which came mostly from a psychological point of view, but he also mentioned it from an anthropology perspective and neurological perspective. Religion is a system of beliefs andRead MoreHow Religion And Culture Influence People s Views On Outer Space1342 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent types of religions and cultures in this world. Many of which teach and influence people’s views and actions on their daily lives. Everyone is entitled to, and has the right to, believe and practice in whatever it is they choose to. Different types of religions around the world have different meanings and teach different ways in viewing the world. We all know how religion and cultures can be an influence on our planet, but does anyone really know how it influences peoples view on outer spaceRead MoreEssay on Religious Relativity1017 Words   |  5 Pagesrequires students to tolerate other peopleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s religious beliefs and practices, at the same time recognizing their own beliefs and practices as just one system in a world of diverse, yet equally legitimate, religious systems. In todays society we see an array of people practicing, preaching, and learning religion. We find people everyday that recognize their own beliefs to be beliefs and nothing more but we also see people who consider their beliefs to be the truth and hold that truth to be the highestRead MoreReflection Paper On Religion And Religion928 Words   |  4 Pageshave learned a lot about different religions. I still have an unprejudiced view of religion. However, I did not suspend my belief to have an understanding of religion. I have been able to learn of other religious beliefs without feeling threatened of my own. I found there are many different practices in other religions, some I agree with and some I do not agree with. I have come to except others, ways of worship without getting upset. I have become humble in my conclusion now that I have a betterRead MoreMy Views On Religion And Religion945 Words   |  4 Pages Religion has always been a thought-provoking topic to me and learning about religions other than my own is important because we live in an amazingly diverse country and world. My knowledge as of the present day is limited, but I am eager to further expand my understanding and knowledge about my own religion while learning additional facts and characteristics about those with which I am less familiar. I am unquestionably open to finding out about religious experiences that are new to me. 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(eternal Life)†. In my faith I am taught that we are created by a higher being; God. That He is omnipotent and he loves all human beingsRead MoreReligion Is The Oldest Kinds Of Religion Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesReligions have been present in this world for thousands of year, providing ancient civilizations answers to their questions and a moral code to abide by. Today, religion still serves a similar purpose and more, forming and changing as time goes on. Though religions today may share some elements, they do share their own opinions and preach of different practices, all of them affect or are affected by the modern world. Two forms of religion are animism versus anthropocentrism. Animism religions are

Act of Kindness Free Essays

reallyThis is a story on an act of kindness I did for this girl I didnt know to well. One day as I was walking home from my old school I saw this girl, she looked like a complete nerd someone I wouldn’t normally talk to. She was walking home looking really sad, kind of like she had no one to talk to. We will write a custom essay sample on Act of Kindness or any similar topic only for you Order Now I walked over to her and introduced myself and she also told me who she was; she said her name is Abby. She was carrying books in her hands and it looked heavy I asked her if I could help. She nodded and told me I was more then welcome. I walked her home that day. I asked her if she would like to hang out sometime to call me and gave her my number, a few weeks later we were best friends. Months down the road she found out she was pregnant, this took me by surprise since I didnt even know she was dating anyone. The guy who got her pregnant walked out and hardly never came around. I could tell by the look on Abby’s face that she was pretty scared. I told her no mater what ill always be there for her if she ever needed anything. The hardest part for her was to tell her parents she was pregnant. Her parents are the strick ones, that go to church every sunday and doesnt allow their daughter to have a boyfriend or anything. So trying to explain to her parents that she had got a boyfriend and had sexual intercorse with him behind there backs was going to be a tough situation. She didnt tell anyone for three months that she was pregnant,but it got down to where she had to say something since she was starting to show. Abby asked me if i could be there with her when she telled her parents on Thursday; I told her i could and that id be there Thursday at four o’clock. Thursday came and I went to her house and as soon as she anwsered the door she started freaking out with panic. I told her to calm down everything will be fine and that if she wants me to tell her parents i would. She appreciated it and told me to tell her parents for her. As we started walking closer to her parents I told them that Abby had something she wanted to tell them. Her parents started getting worried and asked what this was about. I then told her parents that she was scared to tell them about hows shes pregnant. Ive never seen anyones face look so furious in my entire life, They asked me to leave so they could talk as a family. Later that next week Abby’s parents called me and asked me to come over for dinner and talk with them about something. I agreed and told them id be there shortly. As I rushed to get dressed all I could think about was what they wanted to talk to me about, I began to get nervous. As I arrived and walked to the door my stomach dropped and then i knocked on the door. Abby’s parents answered the door and we sat down to eat. After we got done eating Abby’s mom started to tell me how when i met Abby, abby wasnt in the best state of mind. I told them how i already knew and how i talked her out of a bunch of things before and they thanked me. They both thanked me for being such a great friend to Abby, and to this day I help take care of Abby’s daughter. How to cite Act of Kindness, Papers

Auditing issues of ABC Learning Centre - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Auditing issues of ABC Learning Centre. Answer: Introduction This report is regarding the introduction of new accounting standard ASA 701 Communicating Key Audit matters in the Independent Auditors Report and it clearly examines the case of ABC learning center and if amendment to the ASA 701 has been put forward then the financial fraud would have not been occurred and the stated company would not have collapsed. It also states about the new reporting requirements introduced in the ASA 701 and its implications in the industry due to which the way of financial and accounting misappropriation has resolved up to an extent. It also contains the linking of the ABC learning center case with the ASA 701, in which it contains about the matters occurred. The report clearly illustrates how the frauds in an organization has paved the way for introduction of new accounting standard and has led to various amendments in the existing standards. There are various loopholes in the law drafted and the reporting of the auditors was not accurate so to discontinue this practice and enhance globalization various efforts were taken to improve the reporting requirements. There were various issues raised in ABC learning Centre such as the accounting issues and debt and these issues occurred due to no proper disclosures by the auditor and the auditor gave an unqualified opinion for the same. A linkage study has been established between the stated company and the introduction and amendments in the auditing standard explaining the reasons of amendments and if the same was present the stated company would not have been collapsed. It also discussed about the successful implementation of the standard and the auditors are encouraged to meet the requirements and the investors and audit committee being engaged and supporting for the process illustrated above. Auditing issues in ABC Learning Centre The stated company is an Australian listed company which runs a business of childcare centers. The company expanded its business rapidly in other countries as well. It rapidly started acquiring small and medium sized centers across the country (Blythe, 2017). In a short span of time it made significant growth which led to increase in its stock prices to $8.60(Teen, 2012). Since it acquired bulk centers but was unable to sustain the growth for the long time. It paid excess value for centers than actual value affecting the growth. It took debts for acquiring the company and was unable to pay the same as it does not pick the pace of growth which was expected. The acquisitions made were criticized by economists all over the country. In no time the profits and share prices of the company fell down and thus lead to the liquidation. There were various issues of the failure of this company in which the significant one was fraudulent financial reporting (Sumsion, 2006). Major ethical issues i dentified were Unethical accounting practices followed. Auditors of the companys financial statement breached the code of ethics. For survival of the organization corporate governance principles should be followed, the same was breached by the company. ABC learning Centre has a remarkable financial fraud in its organization. Financial fraud is defined as cheating in financial transactions for its personal benefit. Since there was manipulation of financial statements it can be said as an accounting fraud in which it overstated the assets and revenues of the company superficially and underreporting its liabilities. It is also discovered that ABC has made considerable profits from subsidies it received from government in the form of tax rebates. It also earned profits from paying low wages to staff and cost cutting which was not a sustainable business model (Weaven and Grace, 2010). Controversies were made due to its acquisitions of child care centers which created monopoly in the market. It was also seen that it has used all his financial resources in regulations governing childcare and thus creating huge liability for the company. Auditors were unable to sign off its reports due to its huge debt obligations which were not paid even after selling off its assets (Brasel, Doxey, Grenier and Reffett, 2016). And after this incident the company was delisted from stock exchange and creditors for winding up of the company and the same was taken over by Goodstart, a consortium of mission Australia. The issues in collapse of ABC learning center were: Accounting issues It led to acquisitions of various childcare Centres which were paid more than there acquisition values resulting in creation of intangible asset called as goodwill. But when the company is running below profits the intangible assets becomes worthless and this was what happened with learning Centre. Profits of ABC increased extremely with acquisitions but out of those profits seventy percent was intangible assets which would have been questioned, since the inherent risk associated with the same was enormous. The external auditors of ABC learning Centre namely Pitcher Partners gave unqualified opinion on the above stated issue. Whereas later on Earnest Young provided a different view on the matter. Therefore after this incident took place lot of corporate scandals was identified in which the report of auditors provided unqualified opinion. Debt - The acquisitions were done after taking debt from financial institutions, but the company was unable to pay the same so it reclassifies its debt as non-current liabilities from current- liabilities. But in the end of year 2008 its profit fell down by forty two percent and thus company tried to renegotiate the loan but the same was rejected by banks (Teen, 2012). Breach of debt has led to drastic effect. Operating cash flow- The operating cash flow was not sufficient to pay the suppliers, vendors, salaries and dividends even though their profits were increasing. The directors of ABC pledged their shares to pay the dues and due to which market flooded with shares and thrashed the share price (Hems, 2015). ABC s failure was not due to lack of competition but was due to wrong business practices and high level of debt and acquisitions as per the representation made by Australian competition and consumer commission (ACCC). Reasons for developing ASA 701 A new auditing standard namely ASA 701 Communicating Key Audit matters in the Independent Auditors Report deals with auditors responsibilities in reporting of key audit matters is introduced. It is reportative standard which provides form and content of communication to enhance the readability of intended users of financial statements. The report is formed on the basis of auditors professional judgement and on the same basis significant areas are defined which requires clear attention of management and in some cases those charged with governance. But disclosing such matters in audit report is not a substitute of various disclosures required by management to make in financial statements and the reporting requirements under ASA 570 and modified opinion required to provide under ASA 705. ASA 570 is been replaced from Going concern assumption to going concern basis of accounting and this standard continues to report on an exception basis (Penn, 2011). This standard is applied only when auditor is required to communicate key audit matters as per any law or regulation or is a requirement for listed entities in which auditor audits general purpose financial reports. It was amended by International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) due to various below mentioned reasons. The changes in ASA 701 has definitely lead audit procedure more time consuming and costly but at the same time it is important to understand the need for such changes , if these changes would not have introduces same scandals would have taken place. After the insertion of new requirements it is important for early discussions of matters with client and auditors for fulfilling the new reporting requirements relating to financial statements disclosures and identification of appropriate and potential KAM (Reid, Carcello, Li and Neal, 2015). New ASA 701 has paved a way for disclosure of Key audit matters for all listed entities, depending upon the nature and complexity of organizations. Those matters on which auditors opinion is significant shall be disclosed (Sirois, Bedard and Bera, 2016). These matters may include significant risk areas, uncertainty of estimate done by management in preparation of financial statements and significant events affecting the current period. Out of these matters the most significant shall be included in report and thus called as key audit matters (Cordos, and Fulopa, 2015). Material uncertainty which was earlier disclosed in the financial statements was disclosed as emphasis of matter paragraph in audit report but the same in the amended and shall be included in a different Head as Material Uncertainty Related to Going Conern. As per the amendment there are some changes in the location of paragraphs and there is no requirement of placing other matters paragraphs and auditors opinion to be placed first in the auditors report and opinion paragraphs (Auditing and assurance standard board, 2017). Management responsibilities and its reporting are increased as per the new standard applicable. Management is required to disclose matters relating to going concern and further requirement of superintending financial reporting process by those charged with governance (Logan, Press and Sumsion, 2012). The auditor is now supposed to make a positive statements relating to independence from the entity and that he is fulfilling the ethical requirements required for conducting audit and fulfilling other requirements relating to ethics (Gimbar, Hansen and Ozlanski, 2015). Important enhancement is required after amendment that auditor is required to report when the event and conditions cast significant doubt on the entity going concern principle even if no material uncertainty exists at that time (Carson, Fargher and Zhang, 2016). However it can be said that a lot reporting requirements have been enhanced in the new ASA 701, thus the auditors are required to be keener and updated about the audit conducted. Auditors are required to follow these requirements with effect from financial reporting period commencing on or after 1 January 2016. Matters to be disclosed in auditor report of ABC Learning Centre The collapse of ABC learning Centre would not have been held if there were proper disclosures by the auditors in the financial statements. Since at that time there was no such awareness which led to the scandal and accounting frauds. ASA 570 is being amended with the requirement that the auditor has to consider going concern accounting and even if no material uncertainty occurs still if it casts in the mind of auditor that the assumption is not adhered with he has to report over the same. If this requirement was before ABC learning Centre auditors would have reported the same and it would have easily reflected the wrong practices done by the stated company. If the requirements of ASA 702 would have been introduced the reporting requirements would easily locate the discrepancies done by ABC learning Centre and its accounting fraud would have been easily figured out. A reduced disclosure regime was implemented by department of finance in order to reduce the workload and make financial statements easier to read. Key audit matters include the most common aspect of reporting that is the carrying value or impairment value of goodwill and intangibles (Brigden, 2009). If we refer to the case of stated company one of the most dangerous loopholes was the acquisition value of centers as it was acquired at extravagant prices which lead to excess goodwill but actual value was far lesser than what was quoted which lead to bookish profits but no real profits and this is how it lead to misstatements which resulted in fraud. KAMs also includes the details of various acquisitions made since the globalization and increasing consolidation has impact on the organization, so these are required to be included with proper disclosures which was totally missing in the case of stated company (Auditing and assurance standard board, 2015). It is very important to understand that revenue recognition plays key role in deciding the real profits of the entity. The case stated above clearly exp lains the fact that the revenue was wrongly stated and the readers were referring to that position of financial statements even if the same was audited by the auditors and auditors gave unqualified opinion (KPMG, 2015). The new standard has opened the door for giving more transparency and giving more insights about the audit. There are various features of key audit matters to meet various objectives such as fact based, concise and free from technicalities, tailored to the company and sufficient detailed to understand the matter addressed in the auditors report (Doxey et al, 2016). Conclusion The primary purpose of the financial statements is to provide entitys financial position and the auditors review the same to ensure that whether they show true and fair view or not. But due to some loopholes in the reporting requirements there were many violations and frauds occurred, due to this it paved the way to insertion and updation of the new accounting standard ASA 701. It can be concluded that ASA 701 reporting plays a very important role, it is regulatory standard through which accounting fraud can be controlled. A case of ABC learning Centre is taken as a base to explain the fraud which occurred in the organization. This report includes the critical factors newly introduced in ASA 701 through which various reporting requirements have taken place. The linkage study has been done to explain the fraud conducted in the organization and if there would be these reporting requirements and a change which has been made in ASA 570, how the fraud conducted would be controlled. A brie f understanding is being made of the case referred and the newly inserted ASA along with changes done in other reporting standards for understanding the reasons as to why such changes occurred and what led to such change. Thus to make disclosures less generalized and more meaningful it gave a global push to improve the usefulness of the financial reporting. References Auditing and assurance standard board, 2015, Auditing Standard ASA 701 Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditors Report, retrieved on 29th august 2017 from https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/ASA_701_2015.pdf Auditing and assurance standard board, 2015, Explanatory statement, retrieved on 29th august 2017 from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2015L02016/Explanatory%20Statement/Text Blythe, S.G., 2017.Attention, balance and coordination: The ABC of learning success. John Wiley Sons. Brasel, K., Doxey, M.M., Grenier, J.H. and Reffett, A., 2016. Risk disclosure preceding negative outcomes: The effects of reporting critical audit matters on judgments of auditor liability.The Accounting Review,91(5), pp.1345-1362. Brigden, C., 2009. Unions and collective bargaining in 2008.Journal of Industrial Relations,51(3), pp.365-378. Carson, E., Fargher, N. and Zhang, Y., 2016. Trends in auditor reporting in Australia: A synthesis and opportunities for research. Australian Accounting Review, 26(3), pp.226-242. Cordos, G.S. and Fulopa, M.T., 2015. Understanding audit reporting changes: introduction of Key Audit Matters.Accounting and Management Information Systems,14(1), p.128. Doxey, M.M., Fuller, S.H., Geiger, M.A., Gist, W.E., Hackenbrack, K.E., Janvrin, D.J., Pitman, M.K. and Roush, P.B., 2016. Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Release No. 2016-003, Proposed Auditing StandardThe Auditor's Report on an Audit of Financial Statements when the Auditor Expresses an Unqualified Opinion and Related Amendments to PCAOB Standards.Current Issues in Auditing,11(1), pp.C26-C40. Gimbar, C., Hansen, B. and Ozlanski, M.E., 2015. Early Evidence on the Effects of Critical Audit Matters on Auditor Liability.Current Issues in Auditing,10(1), pp.A24-A33. Hems, L., 2015. Situating Mutuals In The Australian Public Sector Context.Managing Under Austerity, Delivering Under Pressure, p.215. KPMG, 2015, Enhanced auditor reporting, retrieved on 29th august 2017 from https://home.kpmg.com/au/en/home/insights/2015/12/enhanced-auditor-reporting-december-2015.html Logan, H., Press, F. and Sumsion, J., 2012. The quality imperative: Tracing the rise of'quality'in Australian early childhood education and care policy.Australasian Journal of Early Childhood,37(3), p.4. Penn, H., 2011. Gambling on the market: The role of for-profit provision in early childhood education and care.Journal of Early Childhood Research,9(2), pp.150-161. Reid, L.C., Carcello, J.V., Li, C. and Neal, T.L., 2015. Are auditor and audit committee report changes useful to investors? Evidence from the United Kingdom. Sirois, L.P., Bdard, J. and Bera, P., 2016. The informational value of key audit matters in the auditors report: Evidence from an eye-tracking study. Sumsion, J., 2006. The corporatization of Australian childcare: Towards an ethical audit and research agenda.Journal of Early Childhood Research,4(2), pp.99-120. Teen, M, 2012, The ABC of a corporate collapse, Business Times, Governance for Stakeholders. Retrieved on 21 august 2017 from https://governanceforstakeholders.com/2012/12/28/the-abc-of-a-corporate-collapse/ Weaven, S. and Grace, D., 2010. Examining parental and staff perceptions of childcare service quality across competing business structures.Australasian Journal of Early Childhood,35(2), p.54.

Activities of an Organization Management Code of Ethics

Activities of an Organization Management Code of Ethics Introduction Corporate social responsibility, which is also referred to as sustainable responsible business or corporate conscience, is a self-regulation mechanism incorporated into the central part of a business. It concerns itself with monitoring and assurance of active obedience with: ethical standards, the general law and the international customs that govern business and non-business activities within an organization.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Activities of an Organization: Management Code of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethics on the other hand, are the decisions and behaviors of an individual or organization that are considered morally fitting. Johnson and Turner (2009) in their study stated that, â€Å"ethics and corporate responsibility are matters for all firms whether they operate internationally or not†. The basis of this reasoning is the acceptance of the unavoidable â €˜truth’ of relativism in relation to ethics and social responsibility (Iyer, 2000). Validity of statement Taking into consideration what has been mentioned above, an argument presents itself and with it, the question: how valid is the statement of that study? According to the aphorism â€Å"Nemo dat Quod non abeit† which literally means that it is impossible for one to give what they do not have; it follows that, an organization in a third world country may have integrated Corporate Social Responsibility into their mission statement , but lack the capability of following through due to lack of resources. Furthermore, â€Å"going global† brings with it new challenges (Iyer, 2009). Taking a case study example of Bolaji, Nigeria, organizations cannot leave the Corporate Social Responsibility dynamic in the hands of the government because governments in third world countries seldom fulfill the expectations of the people that elected them in. â€Å"The contempor ary third world government need to put in place a working infrastructure that will engender business activities†. (Petkoski and Twose, 2003, p.16) After this is done, the corporate players can then be called upon to give back to the community. Application of theories In order for organizations to be able to effectively and efficiently adhere to the stipulations and guidelines of ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility, several theories need to be applied. More specifically, rights and justice theories need to be taken into consideration.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizations should recognize that their employees and other internal (and external) stakeholders have privileges and rights that go beyond national boundaries and cultures. Managers should be guided by fundamental human rights when making decisions that have ethical constituents (Suder, 2008). Further, justice theories stipulate that economic goods and services should be distributed in a just manner. However, when an organization is engaging in social responsibility and the unequal distribution of goods and services has been viewed to work to everyone’s advantage, then this may be considered as an exception. Corporate governance and its implications to managers When we take a look at the Nigerian Banking system and its Corporate Social Responsibility aspects, we see that it would be necessary for management, more so of the Central bank (as the key player in the economy), to restructure. This would be aimed at comprehensively dividing the roles of management from the management of fiscal policies ultimately creating a more effective social, environmental and economically viable banking system. Drawing from this example we see that, management has the responsibility to clearly outline the corporate structure so as to identify who will be held accounta ble for the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility. Management code of ethics In order for an organization to effectively conduct itself in the required manner, management should adhere to contemporary code of ethics (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger, 2008). These ethics encompass responsibility, respect for people’s rights and dignity and integrity. Management code of ethics focus on four broad areas:Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Activities of an Organization: Management Code of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Managing the organization which involves creating and sustaining a positive work environment, managing the business by maintaining a viable business venture, managing people through maintenance of commitment and engagement and being mindful of human rights and lastly, managers managing themselves effectively so as to avoid bringing about stress related issues. The code of ethics is meant to guide the management and ensure that the organization fulfills its overall commitments with respect to ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility. Codes organizations must take to make profits Corporate Social Responsibilities are grounded on opposing objectives with the ultimate goals of an organization of profit maximization. However, management should aim at finding the balance between the two objectives. An organization should always strive to adhere to the set out ethical standards because this ultimately increases business efficiency. Being mindful of the environmental and social aspects external to the organization ensures that the presence of the organization is felt in the society. Giving back to the community that enabled your rise to success goes a long way in ensuring that an organization maintains its business. When all this is tied together, we see that adhering to ethics and Corporate Social Responsibilities brings business back to the organizat ions and facilitates profit generation. â€Å"On the macroeconomic level, participation in international business allows firms to achieve economies of scale that cannot be achieved in domestic markets†. (Czikota, Ronkainen and Moffett, 2008) It is, therefore, imperative that the ethics adhered to be of international standards. Classical views â€Å"While the work of Smith, Ricardo, and Mill went far in describing the flow of trade between nations, classical theory was not without its flaws†. (Ajami and Gorddard, 2006, p.50) The Friedman doctrine implies that; as long as an organization is operating within the law, then its only social responsibility should be to continue maximizing its profits.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Basically, he argues that managers as agents owe the owner of the corporation, the stockholders, a duty to pursue their interests†. (Crane, 2008, p.138) This is quite misleading because there should be a balance between sole profit making and integration of social and environmental objectives. Cultural relativism suggests that companies should adopt the ethics of the cultures in which they find themselves operating in. This assumption stands to be corrected because in the contemporary world, diverse cultures should all be accommodated. Lastly, the naà ¯ve immoralist argues that a manager should carry him/herself in the manner in which he/she sees the managers of other nations carrying themselves. This implies that, if the managers of other nations are not adhering to the ethical norms, neither should the manager of the multinational firm. This is a very misguided approach considering how stiff the competition is in the global marketplace (Hill, 2005). Bibliography Ajam i, R.A. and Goddard, G.J., 2006. International business: theory and practice. 2nd ed. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G.A., Knight, G. and Riesenberger, J.R., 2008. International business: strategy, management, and the new realities. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Crane, A., 2008. The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility. Oxford Handbooks Online. Czinkota, M., Ronkainen, I.A. and Moffett, M.H., 2008. Fundamentals of International Business. Gillingham: Wessex Publishing. Hill, C.W.L., 2005. International business: competing in the global marketplace. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Iyer, G.R., 2000. Teaching international business: ethics and corporate social responsibility. New York, NY: Routledge. Iyer, R., 2009. MBA Fundamentals International Business. New York, NY: Kaplan Publishing. Johnson, D. and Turner, C., 2009. International Business: Themes and issues in the Modern Global Economy. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Taylor and Fran cis. Petkoski, D. and Twose, N., 2003. Public Policy for Corporate Social Responsibility. Washington, DC. World Bank. Suder, G.G.S., 2008. International business under adversity: a role in corporate responsibility, conflict prevention, and peace. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.

The Great Gasby essays

The Great Gasby essays Time tells us that success often comes with a price. Often money will create more problems than it can solve. The richness of a persons soul can be hidden in the folds of money. Such is the case of Jay Gatsby. Jay Gatsby is constantly altering in the readers mind due to the various puzzling events that transpire in the novel creating a level of mystery. First off, Gatsby is a man who feels secure in his privacy and allows very few people into his personal life due to lack of trust. Jay often throws parties at his lavish house, only to shrink away from contact with his various guests that frolic in his privately funded bashes. He does not drink, mainly because he has a high level of composure that cannot be compromised by the effects of alcohol. When the narrator, Nick Carraway, is allowed to venture into Gatsbys personal life Gatsby tells Nick only what he feels is necessary to keep him from being suspicious. The eerie thing about this is that while doing this he is so guarded that Nick often questions how concrete and truthful the information is. When discussing his past Gastby is choppy and uncomfortable telling Nick about his education and war experiences. Only when Gatsby produces a metal of valor earned in the war does Nick believe in his war service stories. Even then Nick has a hard time believing Gatsbys educational background because of his uncomfortable declaration that he attended Oxford, a very prestigious English university. Trust is not a strong point of Gastbys makeup and lifestyle. Therefore, when looking at Gatsbys most impressive traits one thing that pops up is his energetic smile, vibrant personality, and loyalty to those who he respects or cares about. It is important to mention the fact that Gatsby always seemed to make every person feel important and at ease while conversing with him. It was his nature to express courtesy to any guest ...

Human resource management plays a vitol role in every industry Essay

Human resource management plays a vitol role in every industry - Essay Example If at all there will be a marginal diference but not much. But the cost of human services is the most important cost, which requires an expertise management. It is Human Resource Mangement which manages the Human resources including the payments methods. The growth of industry largely depends up on the Human Resource Management. The cost of human services in an industry means and includes the payments made to the employees of an industry at factory, which is included in manufacturing cost, payments made to the employees in Shops which is included in selling and distribution over heads, payments made to the employees in offices which is included in administrative over heads. To maintain the balance between the quality, quantity and the cost of services the Human Resource Management shall plan and design suitable rewards to the employees by adopting an appropriate payment systems in these three sectors of industry say factory, shop and office. The rewards through payment systems are broadly classified into four major kinds such as 1.Performance related pay, 2.Competency Based Pay 3. Contribution pay, 4.Variable pay. Each system is suitable to the different sectors of the industry according their character. Adoption of ideal payment system enriches the industry. The ideal or appropriate systems of payments and the benefits which the employer to adopt for his employees are discussed below: Piecework Payment system is more appropriate system of p... The labor cost of production is directly related to the workers engaged on the machines. By introducing this method of reward worker motivation will be enhanced. The worker will endeavor to produce more by exerting their skills. The more production will result in reduction of marginal labour cost. This system is based on the principle of more pay for more production, this will lead to variation in wages among the same class of workers, but still they accept the variation since they know that the variation is connected with their rate of production and it will motivate the other idle workers to improve their productivity. This system gives an opportunity to utilize their skills to the optimum level and earn more money there by improving the standard of living. By paying more pay for more production the workers satisfaction on the equity is achieved and the marginal cost of labour is reduced. By this way both worker and the industry is benefited. Some writers argue that this system lea ds to low quality of production. Their argument is based on the fact that workers are inclined to more production and neglect the quality of the products. But the organization can overcome this defect by improving the quality control system and imposing a minor and moderate penalties for the low quality products. PBR method is most approprite for the following reasons:- 1. It provides greater freedom for employees with less supervision. 2. Employees take initiative for high level production. 3. It gives opportunity to the employees to achieve high earnings. 4. It benefits the employees with high level earnings and benefits the Organization/Industry with high level production reducing marginal labour cost, there by increaing

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

History - Essay Example These men were busy planning new governments after they won the Civil War. The South was busy planning a new government which was based on slavery, while the North was creating new laws banning slavery. Lincoln and Jefferson Davis were too busy running their respective governments to go into battle. Davis wanted to be a general and had military experience, but was elected to be President of the Confederacy. Diplomatic relations depended on the foreign nations that backed the respective sides. Both sides used politics and diplomacy to further their war plans. The North was better prepared for war than the South. Northern cities had paved roads, industrial strength, and urbanized cities. The ports and railroad connected the North with precious supplies. Northern life worked for the war cause. The South only had plantations and farming. When the North started burning crops, houses, and anything that could be used in the South, many Southerner civilians and soldiers began to starve. Unio n soldiers captured were also starved due to a lack of supplies. Women on both sides had to take up positions left by men that were at the fronts. Women and children lost their men on both sides. This was the bloodiest war and many men were killed. Slaves were forced into battle or made to starve with their owners. Life was not pleasant. Bibliography Volo, Dorothy Denneen and James M. Volo. Daily Life in Civil War America.

Performance Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance Management - Research Paper Example The key behaviors that are important for the better job performance are: Effective communication: For retail sales associates, it is necessary to convey complete information and express facts and thoughts in a clear manner. Listen and understand actively to every situation in order to respond creatively. It is essential to adjust communication style according to customers and situations. Create good relationships with customers so that they do not feel reluctant to repeat the store anytime. Inclusiveness: Interact suitably with team, business partners, employees, community and customers without considering individual traits. Make a personal commitment to build an ever welcoming and friendly environment in the store. Ethical and tidy appearance: To gain the customers’ trust, create an environment that respects an individual and their perceptions. Treat and welcome customers with respect and dignity and demonstrate the importance of customers’ need by resolving their issues related to product or store. Tidy appearance is as importance as ethics. Untidiness in representatives’ appearance or store can cause customers to avoid enter in the store. Behaviorally-Anchored Rating Scales (BARS): This evaluation scale appraises the employees on various performance dimensions. BARS involve six or seven performance measurements that are anchored by a multi-point scale. For example, rating specific job performance with different employees’ behavior like poor, normal, or outstanding behaviors, that are relevant to specific job (Kane, Bernardin and Wiatrowski, 2013). Behavior Observation Scale (BOS): This scale enlists the behaviors that are required to perform a specific job successfully. These behaviors are measured based on the rate of recurrences of behaviors. It relates the job performance with the behavior by identifying frequency of employee engagement in

SICK Score Study Research

SICK Score Study Research Sarah Mohammad Iqbal Chagani This project is pilot study of the clinical student’s preceptor ERC approval research named as â€Å"SICK score study† Introduction to the problem and topic Triaging pediatric patients is a difficult and challenging task as under-triaging could lead to sentinel events and medical errors. Since pediatric patients are more susceptible and less expressive than adult; they deteriorate quickly and many of their signs and symptoms could go either unnoticed or non-prioritized. The increased influx of pediatric patients in ED and changing trends of trained staffing could result in patients being under-triaged or missed resulting in misallocation of limited resources of ED. Numerous scores have been initiated to calculate the severity of illness in children, but all scores have either been introduced in ICU or critical care units. Since Emergency Department serves as the first door to the hospital, it should also have a scoring system so that patients could be sorted accordingly and care is not compromised. WHO has introduced ETAT guidelines for pediatric triage in emergency department but it could only be implemented after proper training and education of staff. A sign of Inflammation in sick children (SICK) score, created by Thompson, has been implemented in ED and is calculated using baseline vital signs and 4 important assessment questions. Since easy to calculate it can be implemented in ED without any specific training as vital signs are taken at the triage and the remaining parameters are verbally assessed but not documented. With this project, if significant sick score could be introduced, children triage could be made efficient and effective. Assessment phase Measurement of vital signs is a routine practice in all triage scales utilized in different hospitals for children visiting emergency department. On previous occasions, it has been seen that a lot of under triaging and over triaging has occurred resulting in missed priority levels of children and patients either being missed or not diagnosed appropriately. On two occasions, oncology pediatric patients were under-triaged resulting in sentinel events of mortality of those children in ED. It is not only important to monitor vital signs at triage but triage staff should be able to calculate severity score so that appropriate allocation of patients could take place. Currently, this hospital utilizes ESI priority system to allocate patients in ED, however, it would be interesting to observe the relationship of SICK score with the outcome of patients and compare it to the Priority levels. Vital signs play a very important role in triaging and disposition decision making of pediatric patients. Respiratory rate, color, nasal flaring all are indicators of pediatric clinical condition, however, pulse oximetry is a non- invasive technique of ruling out the severity of illness in pediatric patients. In a study, pulse oximetry measures were taken to identify the change in treatment plan and decision making of physicians. For 305 patients with Sao2 values less than 95%, the clinicians ordered 81 additional diagnostic tests for 62 patients (20%) and 39 additional treatments for 33 children (11%), and changed or added diagnoses for 25 children (8.2%) (Mower, Sachs, Niscklin, Baraff, 1997). Of this same group, clinicians admitted 50 (68%) children after rechecking the oxygen saturation, whereas 23 children were discharged without having their pulse oximetry rechecked (Mower, Sachs, Niscklin, Baraff, 1997). Furthermore, mortality levels could also be predicted with the vital signs and conscious levels of pediatric patients. Among 1133 patients, abnormality in heart rate and respiratory rates had no effect on the mortality of patients but mortality increased as the age of pediatric patients decreased with Odds ratio being 5.2, 15.4, 42.6, 57.0 and 98.3 (Kumar, Thomas, Singhal, Puliyel Sreenivas, 2003).Unlike heart rate and respiratory rate, abnormal blood pressure, oxygen saturation and conscious levels were found to have a significant (p-value Abnormal vital signs have also been found to have a significant relationship with serious and life threatening infections in pediatric patients. Children with serious infection as compared to minor infection had significantly higher temperature >39C (p,0.001), tachycardia (p,0.001), tachypnea (p = 0.002), oxygen saturations (94% (p2 seconds (p39uC (p = 0.004), tachycardia (p2 seconds (p = 0.001) when compared with minor infection (Thompson, Coad, Harnden, Mayon, Perera Mant, 2009). Planning Phase Purpose The aim of this project is to redesign the triage policy for paediatric patients and all those paediatric patients with higher score will be prioritize earlier for proper disposition and early management, so as to further improve the patient satisfaction and morbidity/mortality outcome. Objectives To predict the disease severity with SICK Score To find association of each independent variable and SICK score with the outcome variable Variables Dependant Variable Outcome of patient Admit Discharge Independent Variable SICK Score Heart Rate Respiratory Rate Temperature Oxygen saturation Systolic BP Capillary Refill Conscious Level Seizures Activity Gender Triage Category Approval and Plan Permissions were taken from ED Clinical Manager and ED Head Nurse to introduce the data collection forms (already approved by ERC AKUH) on the main counter to be attached in the file of all pediatric entries. The Unit Receptionists were informed by Manager and HN regarding the forms and reinforcement was provided by clinical student. E-mails were sent to the rotating PGME pediatric residents and pediatric ED faculty members regarding a brief of the study and requesting for filling of forms. A box was introduced in the pediatric area near the working desk of doctors for collection of data forms. Since the study was already funded by an international agency, therefore, the photocopies of the forms were done by the preceptor as per the need identified by the clinical student. Implementation phase The collected data was entered in SPSS software and codes were given to the categorical data. The sick scores were calculated using software provided by the preceptor. The total forms collected during the three week time was 185 forms but only 100 were included as the remaining had missing information (Diagram 1) The descriptive statistics of the variables revealed mean SICK score of 1.89 and a standard deviation of 0.98with the range between 0.00 – 5.10. Other variable statistics are defined in Table 1. Table 1 As displayed in Table 2, discharge patients accounted for 61% of the population and admission were 39%. It could also be noted that 38% patients lie in the age range 1-5 years and minimum percentage of 6% could be seen in the age range Table 2 On calculating the odds ratio (Table 3), it was found that SICK score had higher odds of 2.123 of patients being admitted to the hospital. Along with this, capillary refill also has higher odds of 2.46 to predict the admission outcome of patient. Table 3 Surprisingly, triage category and conscious levels were found to have no effect on the odds of outcome – indicating either discrepancies in the assessment tool of the study or the training of the triage staff. Consciousness plays a very important role in decision making of the patient but the results of this study are directing towards consciousness level having no effect on the odds of the outcome – which could be an error of the assessment tool. Though the model was 71.7% accurate in predicting the outcome of patient but the results are also implying towards comparing the assessment tool used in the Indian SICK score study and the tool used in this project. Evaluation This project has identified the importance of calculating SICK score in identifying the level of severity of illness in pediatric patients for appropriate triaging and allocation in emergency department. It also indicates that other than the baseline vital signs capillary refill should also be initiated at the triage as on an individual level it has higher odds of determining the outcome of patients. But the results also suggest few errors either in the tool formulated or the triage staff training which needs to corrected before the final study is initiated. Missing values was also a major problem as a lot of forms and patient data had to be removed as the forms were not being filled completely. Recommendation would include comparing the sick score with another simpler scoring system like TOPR and also identifying the relationship between SICK score and the mortality of pediatric patients. References Mower, W. R., Sachs, C., Nicklin, E. L., Baraff, L. J. (1997). Pulse Oximetry as a fifth Pediatric vital sign. Pediatrics. 99(5). 681 – 686. Thompson, M., Coad, N., Harnden, A., Mayon, R., Perera, R., Mant, D. (2009). How well do vital signs identify children with serious infection in pediatric emergency care. Archives of disabled children. 94. 888 – 893. Kumar, N., Thomas, N., Singhal, D., Puliyel, J. M., Sreenivas, V. (2003). Triage score for severity of illness. Indian Pediatrics. 40. 204-210. Retrieved from http://indianpediatrics.net/mar2003/mar-204-210.htm Gupta1 MA, Chakrabarty A, Halstead R, Sahni M, Rangasami J, Puliyel A. et. al. Validation of Signs of Inflammation in Children that Kill (SICK) score for immediate non-invasive assessment of severity of illness. Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2010, 36:35 Bhal S, Tygai V, Kumar N, Sreenivas V, Puliyel JM: Signs of Inflammation in Children that can Kill (SICK score): Preliminary prospective validation of a new non-invasive measure of severity of illness. J Postgrad Med 2006, 52:102-5. Data collection form MR # Age à ¢- ¡ Age bands à ¢- ¡ à ¢- ¡ 1- à ¢- ¡ 12 à ¢- ¡ 60 to à ¢- ¡ >120 months Gender à ¢- ¡ Maleà ¢- ¡ Female Triage Time Triage category (ESI) SICK SCORE Heart rate à ¢- ¡ Respiratory rate à ¢- ¡ Temperature à ¢- ¡ Oxygen saturation à ¢- ¡ Systolic blood pressure à ¢- ¡ CRT à ¢- ¡ ≠¥3 seconds à ¢- ¡ Conscious level à ¢- ¡ Aà ¢- ¡ V à ¢- ¡ P à ¢- ¡ U Seizures à ¢- ¡ Absentà ¢- ¡ Present Outcome à ¢- ¡ Admità ¢- ¡ Dischargeà ¢- ¡ Died Mode of admission à ¢- ¡ Wardà ¢- ¡ PICUà ¢- ¡ NICU

Why Hitler Was Invited to Become Chancellor :: Papers

Why Hitler Was Invited to Become Chancellor In 1932 the weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution were clear to all. Due to its careful balance of power and proportional representation, no political leader was strong enough to rule. During this period Germany was effectively being run by 84 year old President Hindenburg. Policy was being set by a tiny group of rich, conservative industrialists and army leaders. The Reichstag offered very little leadership. The heart of the problem was that the Nazis were the largest party. Normally the leader of such a party would become Chancellor, but the other parties in the Reichstag would not work with Hitler. The constitution gave President Hindenburg the right to appoint Chancellor and he did not want Hitler as Chancellor. So month after month there were arguments and back-room deals as different politicians struggled to assemble a workable government. The weakness of the Reichstag would have been a problem even if things had been going well in Germany. But when faced with the chronic problems of the Depression it was disastrous. In the July elections of 1932 the Nazis got their best ever result with 37.3% of the vote (230 seats.) They were now by far the largest party. Hitler demanded to be appointed Chancellor. Hindenburg despised Hitler, but he could see the value of trying to use the Nazis for his own ends. Hindenburg appointed Franz von Papen as his Chancellor. Von Papen had no support in the Reichstag but he hoped he could create a right-wing coalition government with the support of the Nazis and the other right-wing parties in the Reichstag. Hitler refused to co-operate, so Hindenburg called another election. This was a bad election for the Nazis. Apathy was settling in. In Northeim the Nazis were in financial trouble and made a public appeal for party funds. In an attempt to regain support, the SA and leading Nazis went to church en masse and got a Protestant minister to speak for them. They placed advertisements in the local papers and